by Jack R. Gibb

Jack R. Gibb (1914-1995) was a pioneer in humanistic psychology and the originator of Trust Level theory, also known as the TORI model (Trust, Openness, Realization, Interdependence). His distinguished career as a psychologist and consultant spanned five decades, focusing on group dynamics, trust development, and effective interpersonal communication through frameworks like the Gibb categories of defensive and supportive behaviors.[1][6][7]