Competition and Restraint in Cyberspace: The Role of International Norms in Promoting U.S. Cybersecurity

The authors discuss the need and potential for normative constraints on cyber aggression. They describe how norms tend to arise, review the history of governmental and private initiatives on cyber norms, and outline principles governing U.S. policy on the issue. The authors propose a bottom-up, ?outside-in? agenda for the United States to encourage the development of norms to limit the most damaging forms of cyber aggression.